原文链接：http://myitlife.blog.51cto.com/2289784/1529621

PHP在用SOAP协议做接口的时候，经常会碰到如下问题,不是不成功，而是偶尔不成功，实在让人费解！

ERR: SOAP-ERROR: Parsing WSDL: Couldn’t load from ‘http://www.xxxxx.com/member/member_sync.php?wsdl’ : failed to load external entity “http://www.xxxxx.com/member/member_sync.php?wsdl”

查找日志发现：

NOTIC: [2] SoapClient::SoapClient(): I/O warning : failed to load external entity “http://www.xxxxx.com/member/member_sync.php?wsdl” /home/wwwroot/default/xxxxx.com/App/Modules/Admin/Action/OrderAction.class.php 第 112 行.客户端$client = new SoapClient ( $url );创建SoapClient对象时出错！

网上查找很多资料，有开启selinux、关闭soap缓存、开启openssl等等答案，但尝试过后都不尽人意，现终极解决办法：

只需把php的客户端SoapClient的wsdl模式修改为non-wsdl模式，即可解决!

wsdl模式：

$url = “http://xxxxx.org/member/member_sync.php?wsdl”;

$client = new SoapClient ( $url );

non-wsdl模式：

$client = new SoapClient(null,array(‘location’=>’http://www.xxxxx.com/member/member_sync.php’,uri => ‘member_sync.php’));

参考文章：http://blog.csdn.net/sunshinelyc/article/details/49834293#comments

进来由于工作需要，安装phpunit，在网上找了各种安装方法，pear添加phpunit通道安装，手动安装，各种失效，各种无语，皆因网上的资料都是年份比较久远的（也有可能本人不太了解phpunit的工作原理），导致安装了一个下午进展缓慢。最后在phpunit.de中看到了一篇文章，然后第二天再试着安装了一次，具体成功了（然后也对phpunit有了一个比较基础的了解）故此，记录一下本人安装phpunit的过程，方便自己和路人查阅，该文章仅作为本人查阅之用，故此希望网友看到了不要吐槽。。

话不多说，直接开展。。。

首先，官网文档连接如下phpunit.de ，如果是由于年份久远导致无法连接的只能再找找资料了（再网上找资料的时候就碰到了一大推年份久远导致链接失效的情况。。。，导致坑越来越深。。。）

安装步骤如下：

其实安装过程非常非常非常简单。。（注意用了三个非常，足以证明强调意义）

1、在官网下载phpunit.phar包，链接如下：phpunit.phar，下载和自己php版本对应的稳定包即可。（注意：这里是PHPUnit 的 PHP 档案包，它将 PHPUnit 所需要的所有必要组件（以及某些可选组件）捆绑在这个文件中）

2、创建一个文件夹，这里我在d盘创建了phpunit，路径为D:\phpunit，将该路径添加到path环境变量中，然后将下载好的phpunit.phar放到该文件夹中

3、打开一个cmd窗口，按照如下执行（每个人的cmd路径不一样，不要对号入座。。）：

C:\Users\Administrator>d:

D:\>cd phpunit

D:\phpunit>echo @php “%~dp0phpunit.phar” %* > phpunit.cmd

D:\phpunit>exit

4、重新打开一个新的cmd窗口，在cmd中执行执行phpunit –version

C:\Users\Administrator>phpunit –version
PHPUnit 4.8.18 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

这样子就表示你的phpunit已经安装完成了。。是不是超级简单。。不到半个小时就搞定的事情，我昨天研究了一个下午。。也是够蠢的。。。（不要局限于用pear安装。安装方法各种各样。结果达到就行。。），暂时介绍安装。后续继续补充phpunit的学习过程，毕竟这东西，才有一点点概念。至于怎么使用。原理是什么还是一头雾水。。

Update: Things are all change in Zend Framework 1.8, so this may require some adaptation in that version.

If you’ve followed the Zend Framework quickstart tutorial like me, you may be wondering how to perform unit testing using it. The tutorial does set up the bootstrap file to allow for unit testing, but does not cover unit testing itself. The aim of this post is to  provide a quick guide to unit testing using the quickstart application, which will hopefully come in useful for a few people and myself when I inevitably forget this later on.

Step 0: Before Starting

First, you should download and set up the guestbook application from the Zend Framework website. Make sure you place the Zend library in the library folder and enable the read/write permissions for the sqlite database and the db directory for access by the web server.

You will also want to install pear and, with it, install PHPUnit:

pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de

pear install phpunit/PHPUnit

Step 1: Create Test Folders

Create a folder called “tests” in the root folder of the application. Inside that create a folder called “controllers” and “models”. The  directory structure should be as follows:

zendquickstart
|-- application
|-- data
|-- library
|-- public
|-- scripts
`--tests
 |-- controllers
 `-- models

All your controller tests should go in the controllers folder, all your model tests should go in the models folder.

Step 2: Create Test Configuration

Create the file TestConfiguration.php in the tests folder. This file will initially set up the testing configuration, inside place the following code:

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<?php
// Gets called when this file is included/required
TestConfiguration::setUp();

class TestConfiguration
{
    /**
    * Sets the environment up for testing
    */
    static function setUp()
    {
        // Set the environment constant to testing which will load the testing
        // configuration in app.ini by the bootstrap
        define('APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT', 'testing');

        // Set the include path for locating the Zend library
        set_include_path(realpath(dirname(__FILE__)) . '/../library'
            . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path());

        // Use Autoload so that we don't have to include/require every class
        require_once "Zend/Loader.php";
        Zend_Loader::registerAutoload();
    }

    static function setUpDatabase()
    {
        require '../application/bootstrap.php';

        $db = Zend_Registry::get('configuration')->database->params->dbname;

        // delete any pre-existing databases
        if(file_exists($db)) unlink($db);

        // run the database set up script to recreate the database
        require '../scripts/load.sqlite.php';
    }
}
?>

The setUp() function in this class will get called when the file is included or required. The APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT constant is set to ‘testing’ so that the testing section of the app.ini file is read in the bootstrap, and the testing database is used. A testing database should be used so that testing does not interfere with the production or development databases, and no important  data is lost. The next step is to set the include path, which should contain the location of the Zend Framework library. The final step is to enable the Zend autoloader so that we don’t have to explicitly require/include the Zend libraries.

The setUpDatabase() function resets the database to a known state. When the tests are run we may wish to insert data to the database and this should be removed before every new test. We require the bootstrap file so we can get the database configuration and delete the database file, which is an easy way to reset an SQLite database. A different method will be necessary for other databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL. Finally, the setUpDatabase() function uses a script which comes with the quick start application to (re)create the database.

Step 3: Creating Controller Tests

To test the IndexController, create the file IndexControllerTest.php in the tests/controller directory. The following is a simple example:

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<?php
// Set up the testing environment
require 'TestConfiguration.php';

class controllers_IndexControllerTest extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
{
    // Bootstraps the application
    public $bootstrap = '../application/bootstrap.php';

    public function testHomePageIsASuccessfulRequest()
    {
        // Runs the test on /, the homepage
        $this->dispatch('/');

        // Tests there are no exceptions on the home page
        $this->assertFalse($this->response->isException());

        // Tests for redirection to the error handler
        $this->assertNotRedirect();
    }

    public function testHomePageDisplaysCorrectContent()
    {
        // Runs the test on /
        $this->dispatch('/');

        // Tests the page title is present
        $this->assertQueryContentContains(
            'div#header-logo',
            'ZF Quickstart Application'
        );

        // Tests the guestbook link is present
        $this->assertQueryContentContains('a', 'Guestbook');
    }
}
?>

This is a very basic controller test. First note that you should extend Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase for controller tests. This class extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase itself, but adds some assertions and other things specific to Zend Framework.

The bootstrap instance variable must be set in order to test the controller, and in this case it points to the location of the bootstrap file.

The testHomePageIsASuccessfulRequest() test is used to test that the homepage functions correctly; it should not contain any exceptions or redirect to the error controller. If it does then there is a problem somewhere and the test fails. The testHomePageDisplaysCorrectContent() is used to test that the page title and the link to the guestbook is present.

Step 4: Creating Model Tests

To test the GuestBook model, create the file GuestBookTest.php in tests/models.

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<?php
require 'TestConfiguration.php';
require '../application/models/GuestBook.php';

class models_GuestBookTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function setUp()
    {
        // Reset database state
        TestConfiguration::setUpDatabase();
    }

    public function testFetchEntries()
    {
        // Instantiate the GuestBook model
        $guestBook = new Model_GuestBook();

        // Get all entries from the database
        $entries = $guestBook->fetchEntries();

        // Test that there are 2 entries in the guestbook
        $this->assertSame(2, count($entries));
    }
}
?>

Again, this is very basic. The setUp() function gets called by PHPUnit before the test is run, and it will reset the database. The testFetchEntries() function tests the fetchEntries() function in the model. Two rows in the guestbook table should be present, therefore there should be two elements in the array returned by fetchEntries().

Step 5: Edit load.sqlite.php

You may find it annoying to have to wait 5 seconds between model tests when the database is recreated. I worked around this problem by making a small change to the PHP script which loads the database schema:

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<?php
if (APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT != 'testing')
{
    echo 'Writing Database Guestbook in (control-c to cancel): ' . PHP_EOL;
    for ($x = 5; $x > 0; $x--) {
        echo $x . "\r"; sleep(1);
    }
}
?>

If the application environment is not testing then the timeout should not be displayed. You may prefer to simply remove the timeout altogether. Additionally, you will need to change the lines that locate the SQL files to include dirname(FILE):

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<?php
$schemaSql = file_get_contents(dirname(__FILE__) . '/schema.sqlite.sql');
$dataSql = file_get_contents(dirname(__FILE__) . '/data.sqlite.sql');
?>

Step 6: Running the Tests

To run the tests, navigate to the tests directory in a terminal/CMD, and type phpunit controllers_IndexControllerTest and models_GuestBookTest to test the IndexController and GuestBook model, respectively.

phpunit controllers_IndexControllerTest

PHPUnit 3.3.14 by Sebastian Bergmann.

..

Time: 0 seconds

OK (2 tests, 4 assertions)

phpunit models_GuestBookTest

PHPUnit 3.3.14 by Sebastian Bergmann.

Database Created

Data Loaded.

.

Time: 0 seconds

OK (1 test, 1 assertion)

Conclusion

There you have it. This isn’t necessarily the only way or the best way to perform unit testing, this is merely the way I got it to work with the quickstart application having had no prior experience with PHPUnit. Any suggestions or improvements are welcome.

Credits

I based this on the Zend Framework manual and the book Zend Framework in Action.